The cell wall, capsule, pilus, and flagella are the bacterial structure that is located on the surface of a bacterial cell.
Cell wall: It is composed of a protein-sugar(polysaccharide) molecule which gives the cell its shape, and rigidity and protects it from the environment.
Capsule: It is a third protective covering that is made up of polysaccharides. It plays many roles but the important ones are to keep the bacterium from drying out and to protect it from engulfing by larger microorganisms.
Pilus: These are specifically small hairlike projections that emerges from the outside of the cell surface. It helps bacteria to attach to the host organism.
Flagella: (singular, flagellum) a hairlike structure that provides a means of location for bacteria. These are mainly found at either or ends of all over its surface.
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