The carbon dioxide breathed out is a by-product of the process of cell respiration, as is water. In this process, energy is produced in the mitochondria of cells. This energy is our physical "life force". Both oxygen and glucose are required for this.
Normally tree rings will disappear, damage, or go missing when the tree doesn't have enough nutrients, another factor that contributes to that is drought.
This process is called meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daugheter cells, each with 12 chrimosomes. Meiosis produces four daughter cells with 6 chromosomes.
Organ system is the most complex in organization