A larger, biologically active protein complex is created when two or more protein subunits come together to form a quaternary structure.
A protein's quaternary structure is formed when several protein chains or subunits come together in a compact configuration. There are separate primary, secondary, and tertiary structures for each of the subunits. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces between nonpolar side chains hold the subunits together.
For a quaternary structure to function as a whole, the subunits must be arranged in a particular way. Any change to the subunits' structure or how they are linked results in noticeable adjustments in biological activity.
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