With respect to the environment in which a business operates, factors such as competition, political and legal forces, and economic climate would all be classified as uncontrollable elements.
What is a controllable element of the marketing environment?
- To adapt to shifting market conditions, consumer preferences, or business goals, the controllable variables can be changed throughout time as well as typically in the short term.
- Products, prices, promotions, distribution, and research efforts are among the variables that can be controlled.
What is the macro environment?
The main uncontrollable outside factors (economic, demographic, technological, natural, social and cultural, legal, and political) that have an impact on a firm's performance and decision-making.
Learn more about uncontrollable elements
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Answer:
The three primary sources of authority that tax professionals should check against the citator before relying on those sources for important matters are;
1. Revenue procedures
2. Revenue rulings
3. Judicial decisions
Explanation:
A citator can be defined as an index of legal resources that allows the researcher to find newer documents of the original document and thus the history of statues and cases can be reconstructed. This has been collectively termed as shepardizing. There are different kinds of citators depending on the type of case one is handling. In our case, we are dealing with tax professionals. Tax professionals deal with three primary sources of authority that tax professionals should check against the citator before relying on those sources for important matters. These primary sources are; revenue procedures, revenue rulings and judicial decisions. They are further elaborated below;
1. Revenue procedures
A revenue procedure is a set of guide that give direction on how to apply law, regulations and rulings. They majorly give direction on matters involving tax.
2. Revenue rulings
A revenue ruling is an order directly from the Internal Revenue Services (IRS) that has the full backing of the law and therefor enforceable. Such rulings on revenue, give direction on how the IRS understands the tax laws. Since the IRS is an authority constituted by top-level tax professionals, a revenue ruling can be used by other tax professionals to cite cases of similar nature.
3. Judicial decisions
Judicial decisions is a statement of advice written by a judge or a panel of judges that serves as a guide in solving a legal dispute. They involve a written legal opinion that tends to justify how and why they arrived to that conclusion to solve the dispute. The same thinking can be used by other professionals in other disputes of a similar nature to solve them.
When bonds are sold to investors, the government benefits because it gets an injection of cash, while the purchaser benefits because in a few years it will have accrued interest.
Complete question:
Trudy owns a Dell laptop computer. She uses the computer in class and her classmates can see the Dell logo when she uses her laptop. One of her classmates is looking to purchase a new laptop and asks Trudy her opinion of Dell computers. Trudy informs her classmate that she is satisfied with her laptop and recommends that her classmate purchases one, too. For Dell, Trudy is exhibiting some of the benefits of _____.
a. brand recognition
b. brand equity
c. brand insistence
d. brand loyalty
e. brand mark
Answer:
For Dell, Trudy is exhibiting some of the benefits of brand loyalty
.
Explanation:
Brand loyalty is described as favorable emotions towards the company and willingness to buy the same product or service consistently from the same company now and in the future, irrespective of the behavior of the rival or adjustments in the world.
Corporations spend large sums of money in customer support and promotions in order to create and retain brand awareness with the existing commodity.
Coca-Cola Corporation is an example of an established company that has culminated in consumers showing brand loyalty in light of Pepsi's beverages and advertisement campaigns over the years.
Answer:
e) $37.05
Explanation:
Using the dividend growth model, the value of a stock is the present value of the future dividends receivable discounted at the required rate of return . The required rate of return is given as 12%.
So we discount the year 3 dividend using the dividend growth model formula
P = D (1+g)/r-g
r- rate of return, g = growth rate
Present value of the future dividends:
PV of Year 1 = 1.55(1.015)m × 1.12^(-1)
= 1.4047
PV of Year 2 = 1.55 (1.015)(1.015) × 1.12^(-2)
= 1.27
PV of Year 3 (this will be done in two steps)
Step 1; PV (in yr 2) of year 3 dividend
= (1.55)(1.015)^2×(1.08)/(0.12-0.08)
=43.114
Step 2 : PV (in yr 2) of year 3 dividend
=43.114 × (1.12^(-2))
= 34.37
Best estimate of stock = 1.40 + 1.27 +34.37
= $37.05
Note
To discount the year 3 dividend, we use two steps. The first stp helps get the PV in year 2, and step 3 helps to take it further to the PV in year 0