Answer:
Explanation:
When it comes to electron configuration and orbitals, it's important to first identify what exactly we are trying to identify. Below is a given example:
Looking at the periodic table, identify the alkali metal family on the periodic table, or group one elements:
Notice how each configuration has an exponent of , representative of a single electron in their s-orbital.
Ernest Rutherford
J. J Thomson
Explanation:
<u>Ernest Rutherford</u>
In 1911, Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand chemist performed the gold foil experiment where he gave the modelling of the atom a boost.
Experiment
In his experiment, he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles generated from a radioactive source. He found that most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil while a few of them were deflected back.
Discovery and reflection on the atomic theory
To account for his observation, Rutherford suggested an atomic model in which an atom has small positively charged center where nearly all the mass is concentrated.
<u>J. J Thomson</u>
Experiment
In 1897 J.J Thomson performed experiments using the gas discharge tube that led to the discovery of the electrons. He called them cathode rays because they originate from the cathode and exits at the anode.
Discovery and reflection on the atomic theory
From his experiment on the gas discharge tube, Thomson was able determine the properties of cathode rays some of which are:
- they move in a straight line
- they possess kinetic energy
- they attract positive charges and repels negative charges
Using his observation, he proposed the plum pudding model of the atom where it is made up of entirely electrons.
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Answer:
A positive and negative ion.
Explanation:
Ionic bond:
It is the bond which is formed by the transfer of electron from one atom to the atom of another element.
Both bonded atoms have very large electronegativity difference.
The atom with large electronegativity value accept the electron from other with smaller value of electronegativity.
For example:
Sodium chloride is ionic compound. The electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16 and for sodium is 0.93. There is large difference is present. That's why electron from sodium is transfer to the chlorine. Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative ion. Sodium have one valance electron while chlorine have 7 valance electrons. In order to complete the octet chlorine require one electron while sodium need to lose its one electrons. That's why when both atom combine sodium lose its electron and becomes positive ion i.e cation while chlorine accept its electron and becomes negative ion called anion and bond between them is ionic bond.
The chemical formula for magnesium sulfate is MgSO4, so it shows that there are four atoms of oxygen but not sulfur. There is only one atom of sulfur in the formula