B: 2.3 grams to 9.8 grams
Having attached earlobes is their phenotype. their genotype are the alleles that code for that
Gene flow is the phenomenon of transfer of gene from one species/population to others. According to Natural Selection, more suitable (which fits best with the environment) gene/allele make the characteristic of that individual. So, it increases the ability to survive and reproduction
Hope this helps!
A. fission reactions within stars