Fossils up to 75,000 years old can be dated with Carbon-14.
Radio isotopes can be used for the age determination of the fossils. Carbon-14 is a common isotope which is used for that purpose. But the half- life of the Carbon-14 is relatively small as 5730 years. That means the amount of Carbon-14 will be half after every 5730 years. Hence, decay is very fast. So Carbon-14 cannot be used forage determination which is more than 75000 years due to the low accuracy.
Explanation:
High-energy electrons are transported from the chlorophyll to other molecules by electron carriers beginning with pheophytin, P0 (a form of chlorophyll), then A1 phylloquinone etc.
The chloroplast is an organelle attached to the membrane found in plants. This comprises many plasma membrane invaginations called the thylakoid membrane. It contains chlorophyll pigments, called granum in rows, while the organelle's internal areas are called the lumen. Water fills the granum and the stroma is created.
Further Explanation:
<em>During the light reaction: </em>
- Photosystem II (PSII) contains pigments which consume light energy. This energy is exchanged between pigments until it enters the reaction core and is moved to P680; this transfers an electron to a higher level of energy where it then travels to a molecule of acceptors.
- For those removed from photosystem II, water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with substitute electrons. Additionally, water (H2O) divided into H+ and OH-by light during photolysis acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducer.
- The electron moves down the electron transport chain via several electron carriers
- The e- is delivered (to PS I) where it has a continuous loss of energy. Such energy drives the drainage of H+ from the stroma to the thykaloid, which results in a gradient creation. The H+ pass down their curve, passing into the stroma by ATP synthase.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the ATP molecule, which stores energy.
- The electron enters Photosystem I where it heads to P700 pigments. It's. This consumes light energy, transfers the electron to a higher energy level, and moves it on to an acceptor electron. This leaves room for another electron which is then replaced by a photosystem II electron.
- In the ETC the NADP molecule is reduced to NADPH by supplying H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are vital to the Calvin cycle, in which monosaccharides or glucose-like sugars are produced after several molecules have been modified.
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Answer:
The correct answer will be option-A.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process which uses sunlight energy to synthesize food in the form of glucose. The process takes place in the chloroplast in two stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.
The light-independent reaction produces to convert the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to glucose through the Calvin cycle. The carbon gets fixed and reduced form+4 state to +1 state.
Respiration is the process which oxidizes the glucose molecule to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules. This ATP is utilized by the cell to perform various functions.
Thus, option-A is the correct answer.